Future Tense

Simple Future Tense

I will sing

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.

How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	main verb
		invariable		base
		will		V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	will		open	the door.
+	You	will		finish	before me.
-	She	will	not	be	at school tomorrow.
-	We	will	not	leave	yet.
?	Will	you		arrive	on time?
?	Will	they		want	dinner?

When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:

I will	I'll
you will	you'll
he will she will it will	he'll she'll it'll
we will	we'll
they will	they'll

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:

I will not	I won't
you will not	you won't
he will not she will not it will not	he won't she won't it won't
we will not	we won't
they will not	they won't

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

No Plan

We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:

• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
• We will see what we can do to help you.
• Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.

We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:

• I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
• I think I will have a holiday next year.
• I don't think I'll buy that car.

Prediction

We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

• It will rain tomorrow.
• People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
• Who do you think will get the job?

Be

When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

• I'll be in London tomorrow.
• I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
• Will you be at work tomorrow?

Exercises on future tense

. 1. I promise I ______________ (call) you as soon as I have any news.

2. This time tomorrow Tom ________________(fly) over the Atlantic on his way to Boston.

3. Those bags look heavy. I _________________________ (carry) one of them for you.

4. They are getting married on Saturday. All the guests _________________ (wear) white.

5. The following week they ______________________ (enjoy) the sun in the West Indies.

6. The sky is a bit cloudy. __________________ (rain) do you think?

7. If you look at this map you ____________ (see) where the islands are.

8. You should have no problem finding him. He ___________________ (carry) a guitar.

Adverbs

Adverbs = gives additional information about the verb. Look into the types of Adverbs:

• Adverbs of manner
• Adverbs of time
• Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs Of Manner

- describes the way a certain action or event occurs.

- it answer the question "How" ? and it is placed in one of the following positions :

• before the verb
• after the verb
• after the object
• 
  

Examples : Jalil quickly grabbed his wallet and left the room. (*it is used before the verb)

quickly = adverb grabbed = verb

Question: How did Jalil grab his wallet? Answer: quickly

The dancers performed gracefully at the cultural show. ( * it is used after the verb)

performed = verb gracefully = adverb

Question: How did the dancers perform at the cultural show? Answer: gracefully

The children ate their food quietly in the school canteen. (* after the object)

their food = object quietly = adverb

Question: How did the children eat their food in the school canteen? Answer: quietly

Adverbs Of Time

- indicate when something occurs.

- answers the question, "WHEN" ?

Examples: The SPM results were much better last year.

at twelve o''clock, at night, in February, for a day

Adverbs of Frequency

- usually placed :

• Before the main verbs
• after helping verbs ( be, have and do)
• after modal auxiliaries
• 
  

Examples : I hardly ever ( meaning "almost never") see him around these days. (*placed before the main verbs)

hardly ever= adverb see =verb

I have never seen the Eiffel Tower ( * after helping verbs - be, have and do )

have= auxiliary verbs never= adverb

Malaysians, however, can always aspire to step on the moon some time in the future. ( *after modal auxiliaries)

can= modal always = adverb

Exercise on the Form of Adverbs

Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill the gap with the adverb. The first one has be done for you.

1. Joanne is happy. She smiles .
2. The boy is loud. He shouts .
3. Her English is fluent. She speaks English .
4. Our mum was angry. She spoke to us .
5. My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives .
6. The painter is awful. He paints .
7. Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano .
8. This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house .
9. She is a good dancer. She dances really .
10. This exercise is simple. You have to put one word in each space.

More exercises : http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adverbs/exercises

Infinitives

Hello students, today we are going to learn infinitives as in To + Verb

Infinitives are formed with “TO” : to walk, to talk, to think, to listen

Infinitives can be the subject of a sentence::

To write in English is difficult.

To sit for an examination is an easy task.

To love someone is a wonderful feeling

* to is the subject

l INFINITIVES can be the object of a verb::

I like to write in English.

I hope to pass the examination with flying colours.

It’s important to practise speaking English.

* it is the object

Exercise

1.1) ______ (make) her laugh takes a lot of effort.

2.2) The soldiers are prepared _______ (risk) their lives for the country.

3.3) Amran is always willing ______(help) his friends in their studies.

4.4) Ali did not feel like going anywhere. He was content _______ (stay) home and _______ (read) a book.

5.5) ________(bake) a cake is easy.

6.6) Sue is lucky _______(be) alive after the accident.

7.7) I was relieved _________ (find out) that I passed the exam.

Note: Took from English 3 notes

8.

Adjectives

Lets look into Adjectives!

An Adjective is describing word. It describes a person or things.

Example: a blue dress

a cruel king

a sharp knife

Types of Adjective

Descriptive - uses to describe quality as ugly, round, tiny, sweet

Examples: He brought a blue Proton Wira

She put a round dining table in the middle of the room

Quantitative - uses to describe the number or amount of an item as many, two, plenty, a few

Examples: I just bought three tennis rackets

Alice gave some water to the cat

Demonstrative - to indicate the object or objects in question as this, that, those, these

Examples: That shoe belongs to Mohan.

This Indian restaurant has the best nasi lemak.

Interrogative - uses to ask questions like what, why, who, which, whose, how

Examples: Who came to visit Mariam just now?

Why is the shirt still outside?

Possessive - uses to show possession like my, your, their, his, her, our

Example: This is my new handbag.

Her parents are from New Zealand.

*Homework*: Find 50 adjectives words and write it down on your work book and form sentences for each 20 words you found. You can refer to the dictionary if you want.

Personal pronouns

I will touch on Personal Pronouns today where it is used to represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

• number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
• person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
• gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
• case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on. Use this table for reference.

Person	First Person		Second Person			Third Person
Number	Singular	Plural		Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Subject	I	we		you	you	he, she, it	they
Object	me	us		you	you	him, her , it	them

Exercise on Personal pronouns

Complete Firdaus’s diary with I, we, you, she, he, it or they.

Manesh, Suha, Nora and I went jungle trekking with our Scout’s master today. (1) ________ went into the jungle near our town. The scout’s master led the way. (2) ______ told us to be careful. (3) ______followed closely behind him. Suha and Nora were abit afraid. (4) __________ did not like being in the jungle, so manesh said (5) _______ would walk behind the girls. Suha said, (6) “______ are very brave, Manesh”.

However, Nora said that, (7) _______ and Suha would be fine. (8) _______ thought Manesh would be happier walking with me. (9) _____ took a first aid kit with me. The scout master said that (10) ______ may need (11) _______ if (12) _________ got hurt.

Articles!!

- What are articles?

Articles are used to clarify if a noun is specific or if a noun is not specific.They are used before the nouns or adjective.There are 2 kinds of articles:

• Definite articles - are used for specific nouns.
• "The" - is a definite articles
• Indefinite articles - are used for non specific nouns.
• "A- An" are indefinite articles
• It is used to refer to a noun that is not something or someone specific such as a pen, an apple, a bus).

• " A" or "An" is used when it is not important as to which the nounis refering to (example: an apple on the table, a pen on the table or a book from the room).
• It is unknown as to which the noun is referring to (example: a teacher in the hall, a letter in the mail box, a car in the street).
• "A" is used if the letter before the next word starts with a consonant (not a vowel a, e, i, o, u).
• An is used if the letter for the next word starts with a vowel (a, e, I, o, u).

Examples:

• I see a dog in the street.
• The girls see the big black dog on the other side of the street. **
• Please bring me a pen.*
• Please bring me the black pen that is on my desk.**
• I think that is a teacher from the school.*
• I think that is the math teacher.**

* A refers to something that is not specific, it is not clear or important as to which dog, pen or teacher.
** The refers to a specific pen "the black pen" not just any pen, "the big black dog" not just any dog, and "math teacher" not just any teacher.

Fill in the blanks with suitable Articles (- , a, an, the)

1) Do you like _________ new English teacher? Yeah, she is good.

2) We went to _________ station this morning to pick my father.

3) I am not keen on ________ food they serve in the cafeteria.

4) Where are _______ scissors?

5) They have forecast that in the next few weeks there will be a heavy downpour. I need to buy _______ umbrella.

6) Many wedding rings are made of _________ gold.

7) I am worried of _______ health of my grandfather. He visits the clinic quite often.

8) I eat ______apple and ______ orange for breakfast everyday.

9) We need ______ oxygen to be alive.

10) Balloons are full of _____ air.

11) My baby brother drinks _____ milk everyday.

12) ______ school was crowded with families and friends during ____Sports day.

Copy this down on your notebook and we will discuss the answers tomorrow.

Refer: http://www.english-the-easy-way.com/Determiners/Articles_Determiners.htm

Today we are going to learn about Conjunctions. Here, I will give a brief explanation and we will learn more tomorrow. Please revise more on this topic

Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.

Here are some example of conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although
  
  
• Compound (often ending with as or that)
  for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
  
  
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
  for example: so...that

Function

Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
  - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
  
  
• Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
  - I went swimming although it was cold.

Position

• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
  
  
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.

Lets do some exercises on Conjunctions

1	You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
2	I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
3	I came her ______ you could give me an explanation.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
4	Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
5	You look ______ you've seen a ghost.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
6	I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
7	I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
8	You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
9	I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
10	______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's certainly better qualified than Steve.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
11	I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
12	Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
13	______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
14	We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if
15	The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.
			so that
			as long as
			while
			until
			as if For more details visit: http://www.better-english.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm www.englishclub.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm